跖围是什么意思| 四叶草的寓意是什么| 菊花像什么比喻句| 后脑勺胀痛什么原因| 靖康耻指的是什么历史事件| 一什么屏风| 00年是什么年| 孕妇什么时候吃dha效果比较好| 神经质是什么意思| 为什么叫北洋政府| 不是什么| 口腔溃疡吃什么药| 马拉色菌是什么| 血糖高的人吃什么水果| 落选是什么意思| exo是什么意思| 腿脚发麻是什么原因| 12月初是什么星座| 什么东西补血效果最好| 送礼送什么好| 1987年属什么今年多大| 什么是白肉| 1970年属狗的是什么命| 子宫内膜厚有什么危害| 海绵体修复吃什么药| 天秤女喜欢什么样的男生| 佛陀是什么意思| 害羞是什么意思| 泰山在什么地方| 副科是什么级别| ufc是什么意思| 什么是幽门螺旋杆菌| 水痘长什么样子的图片| 早搏是什么感觉| 七情六欲指什么| 古井贡酒是什么香型| 黄芪什么味道| 眼压高是什么意思| 1926年属什么| 甲子日是什么意思| 强直性脊柱炎什么症状| 嘴唇上火起泡用什么药| 小狗拉肚子吃什么药| 梦遗太频繁是什么原因造成的| 关节疼挂什么科| 饭后呕吐是什么原因引起的| 是谁送你来到我身边是什么歌| 199年属什么生肖| 什么叫射频消融| 外阴痒用什么洗| 肉燕是什么做的| 人大常委会主任是什么级别| 九夫痣是什么意思| 自闭症是什么人投胎| 偷鸡不成蚀把米是什么意思| 女生胸痛什么原因| 骨化性肌炎是什么病| 栓剂是什么| 巴结是什么意思| 火腿是什么动物的腿| 桥本甲状腺炎有什么症状表现| 非常的近义词是什么| 路人皆知的上一句歇后语是什么| 秋葵什么时候播种| 脚发热是什么原因| 纳尼是什么意思| 吃什么回奶最快最有效| 什么时候血压最高| 猪肉炒什么好吃| 偏头疼是什么原因引起| 查贫血挂什么科| 猫咪取什么名字好听| 左耳烫代表什么预兆| 遗言是什么意思| 为什么医生都穿洞洞鞋| 最早的春联是写在什么上面的| 血小板比积偏高是什么意思| dw是什么意思| 什么是什么的家| 艾滋病中期有什么症状| 笔走龙蛇是什么生肖| 喝什么茶养肝护肝| 软饮料是指什么| 老虎菜为什么叫老虎菜| 变蛋吃多了有什么危害| 排气是什么意思| 2028年属什么| 还是什么意思| 左手无名指戴戒指什么意思| 铁锈是什么| 九月3日是什么日子| 儿女双全是什么意思| 吃钙片有什么副作用| 小孩肚脐眼上面疼是什么原因| 达字五行属什么| 什么的拼音怎么写| 片酬是什么意思| 副肾是什么药名| 万条垂下绿丝绦的上一句是什么| 1999年是什么命| 输钾为什么会痛| 胸部发炎是什么症状| 苯丙酮尿症是什么| 等闲之辈是什么意思| 后期是什么意思啊| 下象棋有什么好处| 流鼻血吃什么好| 米醋和陈醋有什么区别| 黑瞎子是什么动物| 谷氨酸是什么| 什么牌子好| 咳嗽吃什么食物好得快| 茶白色是什么颜色| hbaic是什么意思| 梦见自己爬山是什么意思| 无偿献血有什么待遇| 连麦是什么意思| 潜伏是什么意思| 高考450分能上什么学校| 梅毒症状男有什么表现| 什么是自由基| 脸上长疙瘩是什么原因| 冰岛说什么语言| 梦见小男孩是什么预兆| 扁桃体肿大是什么原因引起的| 常州为什么叫龙城| 弄得什么| 什么含维生素d| 为什么会胃胀气| 碱吃多了有什么危害| 底细是什么意思| 间歇性跛行是什么意思| 意字五行属什么| 政委是什么军衔| 12月7号什么星座| 8月29是什么星座| 炖鸡汤放什么材料好吃| 总蛋白高是什么原因| 基弧是什么| 50年属什么| 左手小指和无名指发麻是什么原因| 人格魅力是什么意思| 吹弹可破的意思是什么| 占卜什么意思| 岳云鹏为什么这么火| 体感温度是什么意思| 睡觉总是流口水是什么原因| 宝宝肋骨外翻是什么原因| 什么是平舌音| 女人梦见蛇是什么预兆| 豺是什么动物| 小孩子晚上睡觉磨牙是什么原因| 心理学属于什么学科| 莆田荔枝什么时候成熟| 梦见放鞭炮是什么意思| 什么是自由基| 82属什么生肖| 水上漂是什么意思| 白头发多吃什么| 去火喝什么茶| 邓绥和阴丽华什么关系| 蓝牙耳机什么品牌好| 井柏然原名叫什么| 学海无涯苦作舟的上一句是什么| 什么水果补血| 李宇春父亲是干什么的| 中国美食有什么| 1963年属什么生肖| 障碍性贫血是什么病| 手淫过度有什么症状| 1977年是什么命| 属牛的生什么属相的孩子好| 偏财是什么意思| 脸上长闭口是什么原因导致的| 什么经验| 徐州有什么好吃的| 五谷都有什么| 突然勃不起来是什么原因造成的| 十一月是什么星座的啊| 坚韧不拔是什么生肖| 12月24是什么星座| nba季后赛什么时候开始| hpv检查挂什么科| 吃什么补肾最快最有效| 婴儿喝什么牌奶粉好| 搬家送什么水果| 6月20号什么星座| 小孩病毒性感冒吃什么药效果好| 空调滴水什么原因| 51岁属什么| 为什么叫书记| 吐黄痰是什么原因| 两点水的字和什么有关| 糖筛和糖耐有什么区别| 肝囊肿吃什么食物好| ptc是什么| 甲状腺滤泡性肿瘤是什么意思| 香蕉什么时候成熟| 什么是宫腔镜检查| 惊弓之鸟是什么故事| 白菜属于什么科| 子宫息肉有什么症状| 背上有痣代表什么| 症瘕痞块是什么意思| 脑梗阻有什么症状| 刚出生的宝宝要注意什么| 朋友的反义词是什么| 喝黑苦荞茶有什么好处和坏处| 彩虹有什么颜色| 多酚是什么| 毛囊炎用什么药膏| 喉咙里的小肉球叫什么| 拆台是什么意思| 茯苓是什么东西| 空腔是什么意思| 旗舰机是什么意思| 什么眼睛| 环形红斑是什么病| 猕猴桃和什么榨汁好喝| 美人鱼是什么动物| 什么茶不能喝脑筋急转弯| 幻听一般会听到什么| 两点一线是什么意思| 中元节是什么节日| 血压低吃什么药见效快| strong什么意思| 杠杆率是什么意思| 做小吃什么生意最赚钱| 伏笔是什么意思| 八八年属什么| gm是什么牌子| 268是什么意思| 水土不服吃什么药| 优字五行属什么| 吃什么对肺最好| 辟谷吃什么| 什么样属于轻度地包天| 小腿经常抽筋是什么原因| 野字五行属什么| 北极熊代表什么生肖| 怀孕什么时候开始孕吐| pda是什么| 92属什么| 董酒是什么香型| 喝黑咖啡有什么好处| 巡抚相当于现在的什么官| 胰腺炎不能吃什么| 罗汉果泡水喝有什么作用| kor是什么意思| ecology是什么意思| 牙齿像锯齿是什么原因| 润色是什么意思| 自己是什么意思| 介入超声是什么意思| 开除是什么意思| 今年是什么年啊| 身体燥热是什么原因| 盘古是一个什么样的人| 鼻子发痒是什么原因引起的| 靓字五行属什么| 什么名字好听| 橙色预警是什么级别| 慢性肠炎吃什么药最好| 去年的树告诉我们什么| 百度



社会--陕西频道--人民网

百度 但是,没有流量明星的《声临其境》得到了观众的宽容对待。

An Analysis of Quentin Tarantino’s Films Narrated (Mostly) by Quentin Tarantino

For near-ly thir-ty years, the work of Quentin Taran-ti-no has inspired copi-ous dis-cus-sion among movie fans. Some of the most copi-ous dis-cus-sion, as well as some of the most insight-ful, has come from no less avid a movie fan than Taran-ti-no him-self. Every cinephile has long since known that the man who made Reser-voir Dogs, Pulp Fic-tion, and Jack-ie Brown — and more recent-ly pic-tures like Djan-go Unchained, The Hate-ful Eight, and Once Upon a Time… in Hol-ly-wood — is one of their own. Now the sub-ject of numer-ous video essays, Taran-ti-no could, in anoth-er life, have become that medi-um’s fore-most prac-ti-tion-er. In the Now You See It video essay above, we have the next best thing: an analy-sis of Taran-ti-no’s work nar-rat-ed, for the most part, by the man him-self.

“It’s as if a cou-ple of movie-crazy young French-men were in a cof-fee house, and they’ve tak-en a banal Amer-i-can crime nov-el and they’re mak-ing a movie out of it based not on the nov-el, but on the poet-ry they’ve read between the lines.” So goes New York-er crit-ic Pauline Kael’s review of Jean-Luc Godard-’s Bande à part — as remem-bered by Taran-ti-no in an inter-view in the 2000s.

These and oth-er such clips com-prise “Quentin Taran-ti-no and the Poet-ry Between the Lines,” or at least they com-prise the parts that don’t come straight from Taran-ti-no’s films or the films that inspired them. From Bande à part Taran-ti-no took not just the name of his pro-duc-tion com-pa-ny but also the imper-fect style of danc-ing he had John Tra-vol-ta and Uma Thur-man show off in Pulp Fic-tion, one of the many acts of cin-e-mat-ic “steal-ing” to which he glad-ly cops.

In describ-ing the rule-break-ing work of Godard, the first big cinephile-film-mak-er, Kael inad-ver-tent-ly bestowed a rev-e-la-tion upon Taran-ti-no: “That’s my aes-thet-ic!” he remem-bers think-ing. “That’s what I want to achieve!” That goal has inspired Taran-ti-no to a num-ber of acts of cul-tur-al trans-po-si-tion, and this video essay also brings togeth-er the com-ments sev-er-al oth-er fig-ures have made about his achieve-ment: Inglou-ri-ous Bas-ter-ds star Christoph Waltz remarks on the char-ac-ter-is-tic way that Taran-ti-no, “the prod-uct of the cul-ture that made the West-ern pos-si-ble at all,” would “take the genre once removed into the Ital-ian and bring it back to Amer-i-ca” as he does in his repa-tri-at-ed spaghet-ti West-ern The Hate-ful Eight. To that pic-ture, and to Quentin Taran-ti-no’s greater cin-e-mat-ic project, applies the obser-va-tion Gene Siskel made on Pulp Fic-tion just as it was becom-ing a cul-tur-al phe-nom-e-non in its own right: “Like all great films, it crit-i-cizes oth-er movies.”

Relat-ed Con-tent:

How Quentin Taran-ti-no Steals from Oth-er Movies: A Video Essay

Quentin Taran-ti-no Explains How to Write & Direct Movies

Quentin Taran-ti-no Picks the 12 Best Films of All Time; Watch Two of His Favorites Free Online

The Pow-er of Food in Quentin Tarantino’s Films

How Jean-Luc Godard Lib-er-at-ed Cin-e-ma: A Video Essay on How the Great-est Rule-Break-er in Film Made His Name

How the French New Wave Changed Cin-e-ma: A Video Intro-duc-tion to the Films of Godard, Truf-faut & Their Fel-low Rule-Break-ers

Based in Seoul, Col-in Mar-shall writes and broad-casts on cities, lan-guage, and cul-ture. His projects include the book The State-less City: a Walk through 21st-Cen-tu-ry Los Ange-les and the video series The City in Cin-e-ma. Fol-low him on Twit-ter at @colinmarshall, on Face-book, or on Insta-gram.

An Emotional Journey into the Heart of August Sander’s Iconic Photograph, “Three Farmers on Their Way to a Dance”

The por-trait is your mir-ror. It’s you.August Sander

A pic-ture is worth a thou-sand words, and com-pelling por-traits that speak elo-quent-ly to a crit-i-cal moment in his-to-ry often earn many more than that.

Author John Green’s thought-ful Art Assign-ment inves-ti-ga-tion into Three Farm-ers on Their Way to a DanceAugust Sanders’ 1914 pho-to-graph, taps into our need to inter-pret what we’re look-ing at.

The descrip-tive title (the piece is alter-na-tive-ly referred to as Young Farm-ers) offers some clues, as does the date.

The sub-jects’ youth and location—a remote vil-lage in the Ger-man Westerwald—suggest, cor-rect-ly as it turns out, that they would soon be bound for what Green terms “anoth-er dance,” WWI.

Green has learned far more about the peo-ple in his favorite pho-to since he cov-ered it in a 2?minute seg-ment for his vlog-broth-ers chan-nel below.

Much of the short-er video’s nar-ra-tion car-ries over to the Art Assign-ment script, but this time, Green has the help of “a com-mu-ni-ty of prob-lem solvers” who con-tributed research that fleshed out the nar-ra-tive.

We now know the young farm-ers’ iden-ti-ties, actu-al occu-pa-tions, what they did in the war, and their even-tu-al fate.

Dit-to their con-nec-tion to pho-tog-ra-ph-er Sanders, who lugged his equip-ment on foot to the remote moun-tain path the friends would be trav-el-ing in fin-ery made pos-si-ble by the Sec-ond Indus-tri-al Rev-o-lu-tion.

A con-sum-mate sto-ry-teller, Greene makes a meal out of what he has learned.

It would pro-vide the basis for a hel-lu-va book…though here anoth-er author has beat-en Green to the punch. Richard Pow-ers’ nov-el, also titled Three Farm-ers on Their Way to a Dance, was a Nation-al Book Crit-ics Cir-cle Award Final-ist in 1985.

Relat-ed Con-tent: 

The First Pho-to-graph Ever Tak-en (1826)

Take a Visu-al Jour-ney Through 181 Years of Street Pho-tog-ra-phy (1838–2019)

See the First Pho-to-graph of a Human Being: A Pho-to Tak-en by Louis Daguerre (1838)

Ayun Hal-l-i-day is an author, illus-tra-tor, the-ater mak-er and Chief Pri-ma-tol-o-gist of the East Vil-lage Inky zine.  Here lat-est project is an ani-ma-tion and a series of free down-load-able posters, encour-ag-ing cit-i-zens to wear masks in pub-lic and wear them prop-er-ly. Fol-low her @AyunHalliday.

This Is What The Matrix Looks Like Without CGI: A Special Effects Breakdown

Those of us who saw the The Matrix in the the-ater felt we were wit-ness to the begin-ning of a new era of cin-e-mat-i-cal-ly and philo-soph-i-cal-ly ambi-tious action movies. Whether that era deliv-ered on its promise — and indeed, whether The Matrix’s own sequels deliv-ered on the fran-chise’s promise — remains a mat-ter of debate. More than twen-ty years lat-er, the film’s black-leather-and-sun-glass-es aes-thet-ic may date it, but its visu-al effects some-how don’t. The Fame Focus video above takes a close look at two exam-ples of how the cre-ators of The Matrix com-bined tra-di-tion-al, “prac-ti-cal” tech-niques with then-state-of-the-art dig-i-tal tech-nol-o-gy in a way that kept the result from going as stale as, in the movies, “state-of-the-art dig-i-tal tech-nol-o-gy” usu-al-ly has a way of guar-an-tee-ing.

By now we’ve all seen revealed the mechan-ics of “bul-let time,” an effect that aston-ished The Matrix’s ear-ly audi-ences by seem-ing near-ly to freeze time for dra-mat-ic cam-era move-ments (and to make vis-i-ble the epony-mous pro-jec-tiles, of which the film includ-ed a great many). They lined up a bunch of still cam-eras along a pre-de-ter-mined path, then had each of the cam-eras take a shot, one-by-one, in the span of a split sec-ond.

But as we see in the video, get-ting con-vinc-ing results out of such a ground-break-ing process — which required smooth-ing out the unsteady “footage” cap-tured by the indi-vid-ual cam-eras and per-fect-ly align-ing it with a com-put-er-gen-er-at-ed back-ground mod-eled on a real-life set-ting, among oth-er tasks — must have been even more dif-fi-cult than invent-ing the process itself. The man-u-al labor that went into The Matrix series’ high-tech veneer comes across even more in the behind-the-scenes video below:

In the third install-ment, 2003’s The Matrix Rev-o-lu-tions, Keanu Reeves’ Neo and Hugo Weav-ing’s Agent Smith duke it out in the pour-ing rain as what seem like hun-dreds of clones of Smith look on. View-ers today may assume Weav-ing was filmed and then copy-past-ed over and over again, but in fact these shots involve no dig-i-tal effects to speak of. The team actu-al-ly built 150 real-is-tic dum-mies of Weav-ing as Smith, all oper-at-ed by 80 human extras them-selves wear-ing intri-cate-ly detailed sil-i-con-rub-ber Smith masks. The logis-tics of such a one-off endeav-or sound painful-ly com-plex, but the phys-i-cal-i-ty of the sequence speaks for itself. With the next Matrix film, the first since Rev-o-lu-tions, due out next year, fans must be hop-ing the ideas of the Pla-ton-i-cal-ly tech-no-dystopi-an sto-ry the Wachowskis start-ed telling in 1999 will be prop-er-ly con-tin-ued, and in a way that makes full use of recent advances in dig-i-tal effects. But those of us who appre-ci-ate the endur-ing pow-er of tra-di-tion-al effects should hope the film’s mak-ers are also get-ting their hands dirty.

Relat-ed Con-tent:

The Phi-los-o-phy of The Matrix: From Pla-to and Descartes, to East-ern Phi-los-o-phy

The Matrix: What Went Into The Mix

Philip K. Dick The-o-rizes The Matrix in 1977, Declares That We Live in “A Com-put-er-Pro-grammed Real-i-ty”

Daniel Den-nett and Cor-nel West Decode the Phi-los-o-phy of The Matrix

Why 1999 Was the Year of Dystopi-an Office Movies: What The Matrix, Fight Club, Amer-i-can Beau-ty, Office Space & Being John Malkovich Shared in Com-mon

Based in Seoul, Col-in Mar-shall writes and broad-casts on cities, lan-guage, and cul-ture. His projects include the book The State-less City: a Walk through 21st-Cen-tu-ry Los Ange-les and the video series The City in Cin-e-ma. Fol-low him on Twit-ter at @colinmarshall, on Face-book, or on Insta-gram.

50 Songs from a Single Year, Mixed Together Into One 3?Minute Song (1979–89)

The con-cept of gen-er-a-tions, as we cur-rent-ly use the term, would have made no sense to peo-ple liv-ing through-out most of human his-to-ry. “Before the 19th cen-tu-ry,” writes Sarah Leskow at The Atlantic, “gen-er-a-tions were thought of as (gen-er-al-ly male) bio-log-i-cal rela-tion-ships with-in families—grandfathers, sons, grand-chil-dren and so forth.” The word did not describe com-mon traits shared by, “as one lex-i-cog-ra-ph-er put it in 1863, ‘all men liv-ing more or less at the same time.’”

The the-o-ry was thor-ough-ly ingest-ed into mass cul-ture, as any-one can tell from social media wars and the fix-a-tions of news-pa-per colum-nists. One such cor-re-spon-dent weighed in a few years ago with a con-trar-i-an take: “Your gen-er-a-tional iden-ti-ty is a lie,” wrote Philip Bump at The Wash-ing-ton Post in 2015. (He makes an excep-tion for Baby Boomers, for rea-sons you’ll have to read in his col-umn.)

All this debunk-ing is to the good. While schol-ars rou-tine-ly inves-ti-gate the ori-gins of con-tem-po-rary ideas, too often the rest of us take for grant-ed that our present ways of see-ing the world are time-less and eter-nal.

Yet, whether gen-er-a-tions are a real phe-nom-e-non or a cul-tur-al con-struc-tion, glob-al-ized mass media of the past sev-er-al decades ensures that no mat-ter where we come from, most peo-ple born around the same time will share some set of near-iden-ti-cal experiences—of lis-ten-ing to the same music, watch-ing the same films, TV shows, etc. Giv-en the way our think-ing can be shaped by for-ma-tive moments in pop cul-ture, we’re bound to have a few things in com-mon if we had access to Hol-ly-wood film and MTV. Maybe what most defines gen-er-a-tions as we know them now is cul-ture as com-mod-i-ty.

Take the video series fea-tured here. Each one cuts togeth-er 50 songs released in a sin-gle year, begin-ning in 1979, along with video mon-tages of some of the year’s most pop-u-lar artists. Cre-at-ed by The Hood Inter-net, “a DJ and pro-duc-tion duo from Chica-go, known for their exper-tise in mashups and remix-es,” the series could serve as a lab exper-i-ment to test the emo-tion-al reac-tions of peo-ple born at dif-fer-ent times. We may have all heard these songs by now. But only those who heard them in their youth will have the nos-tal-gic reac-tions we asso-ciate with gen-er-a-tional mem-o-ry, since music, as David Toop  writes at The Qui-etus, is “a mem-o-ry machine.”

Every-one else could stand to learn some-thing about what the 80s looked and sound-ed like. As a his-tor-i-cal peri-od, it tends to get cast in a fair-ly nar-row mold, with syn-th-pop and hair met-al defin-ing the extent of 80s music. The pop music of the decade was fab-u-lous-ly diverse, with gen-res cross-pol-li-nat-ing in what turn out to be sur-pris-ing-ly har-mo-nious ways in these mashup videos. The cre-ators of the series worked their way up to 1987, and we get to see some dra-mat-ic shifts along the way that fur-ther com-pli-cate the idea of 80s music, even for those who heard these songs when they came out, and who have nine years of for-ma-tive moments to go with them. See all of the videos on The Hood Inter-net’s YouTube chan-nel.

Relat-ed Con-tent:

1980s Met-al-head Kids Are Alright: Sci-en-tif-ic Study Shows That They Became Well-Adjust-ed Adults

A Soul Train-Style Detroit Dance Show Gets Down to Kraftwerk’s “Num-bers” in the Late 80s

How a Record-ing Stu-dio Mishap Cre-at-ed the Famous Drum Sound That Defined 80s Music & Beyond

Josh Jones is a writer and musi-cian based in Durham, NC. Fol-low him at @jdmagness

How Humphrey Bogart Became an Icon: A Video Essay

Accord-ing to film the-o-rist David Bor-d-well, there was a major change in act-ing styles in the 1940s. Gone was the “behav-ioral act-ing” style of the 1930s (the first full decade of sound film), where men-tal states were demon-strat-ed not just through the face, but through body move-ment, and how actors just held them-selves. Instead, in the 1940s there is a “new inte-ri-or-i-ty, a kind of neu-tral-iza-tion, of the act-ing per-for-mance, that’s intense, almost silent film-style.”

Part of this is due to increas-ing-ly con-vo-lut-ed, psy-cho-log-i-cal nar-ra-tives, includ-ing lots of voice-overs. Some of it was also due to stu-dios hop-ing to achieve the psy-cho-log-i-cal depth of nov-el writ-ing.

In short, what-ev-er the rea-sons in the 1940s, we got to watch char-ac-ters think.

In Nerdwriter’s lat-est video essay, Evan Puschak exam-ines the icon of 1940s male act-ing: Humphrey Bog-a-rt, whose skill and oppor-tu-ni-ty placed him at the right place and the right time for such a shift in styles. Think of Bog-a-rt and you think of his eyes and yes, the many moments where the cam-era lingers on his face and…we watch him think.

In hind-sight it feels like he was wait-ing for this moment. Puschak picks up the tale with 1939’s The Return of Dr. X, which fea-tures a bad-ly mis-cast Bog-a-rt as a mad sci-en-tist. But the actor had spent most of the 1930s play-ing a selec-tion of bad guys, most-ly gang-sters. He was good at it. He was also a bit tired of the type-cast-ing.

Also tired of of play-ing gang-sters was George Raft, and that turned out to be good thing, because Raft turned down the lead role in the John Hus-ton-writ-ten, Raoul Walsh-direct-ed High Sier-ra. Hus-ton and Bog-a-rt were friends and drink-ing bud-dies, and it was their friend-ship, plus Bog-a-rt con-vinc-ing both Raft to turn down the role and Walsh to hire him instead, that led to a career break-through.

As Puschak points out, though Bog-a-rt was play-ing a gang-ster again, he brought to the char-ac-ter of Mad Dog Roy Earl a world-weari-ness and a vul-ner-a-ble inte-ri-or, and we see it in his eyes more than through his dia-log.

In the same year Bog-a-rt played pri-vate detec-tive Sam Spade in The Mal-tese Fal-con, also a role that George Raft turned down. Bog-a-rt brought over to the char-ac-ter the cyn-i-cism and cool-ness of his gang-ster roles; it feels repet-i-tive to say it was an icon-ic role, but it’s true—it’s a per-for-mance that rip-ples across time to every actor play-ing a pri-vate detec-tive, who are either bor-row-ing from it or riff-ing on it or turn-ing it on its head. You wouldn’t have Colum-bo. You wouldn’t have Breath-less either.

Did George Raft ever real-ize he was a sort of guardian angel for Bog-a-rt? Because for a third time, a role he turned down became a Bog-a-rt clas-sic: Rick Blain in Casablan-ca (1942). As Puschak points out, it’s a dif-fi-cult role as Rick is decid-ed-ly pas-sive and casu-al-ly mean for the first half, leav-ing peo-ple to their fate. It only works because we can see every deci-sion Rick makes roil-ing behind Bogart’s eyes, and we know that even-tu-al-ly he will break and do the right thing.

As he got old-er and the 40’s turned into the ‘50s, Bog-a-rt began to play with these kind of char-ac-ters. His prospec-tor in The Trea-sure of the Sier-ra Madre turns wild-eyed with greed and mad-ness; his writer in In a Lone-ly Place is sus-pect-ed of mur-der, and Bog-a-rt plays him ever so slight-ly mad that we won-der if he might even be a killer. It is one of Bogart’s most uncom-fort-able per-for-mances, tak-ing what had become famil-iar and friend-ly in his screen per-sona and twist-ing it.

He died in 1957, age 57, from the can-cer-ous effects of a life-time of smok-ing. What kind of roles might he have done if he had made it through the 60s and the 70s? Would the French New Wave direc-tors have hired him? Would Scors-ese or Alt-man or Cop-po-la? Again, we can only won-der.

Relat-ed Con-tent:

Beat the Dev-il: Watch John Huston’s Campy Noir Film with Humphrey Bog-a-rt (1953)

Lau-ren Bacall (1924–2014) and Humphrey Bog-a-rt Pal Around Dur-ing a 1956 Screen Test

Jean-Paul Sartre Writes a Script for John Huston’s Film on Freud (1958)

Ted Mills is a free-lance writer on the arts who cur-rent-ly hosts the Notes from the Shed pod-cast and is the pro-duc-er of KCR-W’s Curi-ous Coast. You can also fol-low him on Twit-ter at @tedmills, and/or watch his films here.

Albert Einstein Explains Why We Need to Read the Classics

Two pieces of read-ing advice I’ve car-ried through-out my life came from two ear-ly favorite writ-ers, Her-man Melville and C.S. Lewis. In one of the myr-i-ad pearls he toss-es out as asides in his prose, Melville asks in Moby Dick, “why read wide-ly when you can read deeply?” Why spread our minds thin? Rather than ago-nize over what we don’t know, we can dig into the rel-a-tive-ly few things we do until we’ve mas-tered them, then move on to the next thing.

Melville’s coun-sel may not suit every tem-pera-ment, depend-ing on whether one is a fox or a hedge-hog (or an Ahab). But Lewis’ advice might just be indis-pens-able for devel-op-ing an out-look as broad-mind-ed as it is deep. “It is a good rule,” he wrote, “after read-ing a new book, nev-er to allow your-self anoth-er new one till you have read an old one in between. If that is too much for you, you should at least read one old one to every three new ones.”

Many oth-er famous read-ers have left behind sim-i-lar pieces of read-ing advice, like Edward Bul-w-er-Lyt-ton, author of noto-ri-ous open-er “It was a dark and stormy night.” As though refin-ing Lewis’ sug-ges-tion, he pro-posed, “In sci-ence, read, by pref-er-ence, the newest works; in lit-er-a-ture, the old-est. The clas-sic lit-er-a-ture is always mod-ern. New books revive and redec-o-rate old ideas; old books sug-gest and invig-o-rate new ideas.”

Albert Ein-stein shared nei-ther Lewis’ reli-gion nor Bulwar-Lytton’s love of semi-colons, but he did share both their out-look on read-ing the ancients. Ein-stein approached the sub-ject in terms of mod-ern arro-gance and igno-rance and the bias of pre-sen-tism, writ-ing in a 1952 jour-nal arti-cle:

Some-body who only reads news-pa-pers and at best books of con-tem-po-rary authors looks to me like an extreme-ly near-sight-ed per-son who scorns eye-glass-es. He is com-plete-ly depen-dent on the prej-u-dices and fash-ions of his times, since he nev-er gets to see or hear any-thing else. And what a per-son thinks on his own with-out being stim-u-lat-ed by the thoughts and expe-ri-ences of oth-er peo-ple is even in the best case rather pal-try and monot-o-nous.

There are only a few enlight-ened peo-ple with a lucid mind and style and with good taste with-in a cen-tu-ry. What has been pre-served of their work belongs among the most pre-cious pos-ses-sions of mankind. We owe it to a few writ-ers of antiq-ui-ty (Pla-to, Aris-to-tle, etc.) that the peo-ple in the Mid-dle Ages could slow-ly extri-cate them-selves from the super-sti-tions and igno-rance that had dark-ened life for more than half a mil-len-ni-um.

Noth-ing is more need-ed to over-come the mod-ernist’s snob-bish-ness.

Ein-stein him-self read both wide-ly and deeply, so much so that he “became a lit-er-ary motif for some writ-ers,” as Dr. Anto-nia Moreno González notes, not only because of his par-a-digm-shat-ter-ing the-o-ries but because of his gen-er-al-ly well-round-ed pub-lic genius. He was fre-quent-ly asked, and hap-py to vol-un-teer, his “ideas and opinions”—as the title of a col-lec-tion of his writ-ing calls his non-sci-en-tif-ic work, becom-ing a pub-lic philoso-pher as well as a sci-en-tist.

We might cred-it Ein-stein’s lib-er-al atti-tude toward read-ing and education—in the clas-si-cal sense of the word “lib-er-al”— as a dri-ving force behind his end-less intel-lec-tu-al curios-i-ty, humil-i-ty, and lack of prej-u-dice. His diag-no-sis of the prob-lem of mod-ern igno-rance may strike us as gross-ly under-stat-ed in our cur-rent polit-i-cal cir-cum-stances. As for what con-sti-tutes a “clas-sic,” I like Ita-lo Calvi-no’s expan-sive def-i-n-i-tion: “A clas-sic is a book that has nev-er fin-ished say-ing what it has to say.”

via Men-tal Floss

Relat-ed Con-tent:

Ita-lo Calvi-no Offers 14 Rea-sons We Should Read the Clas-sics

Vir-ginia Woolf Offers Gen-tle Advice on “How One Should Read a Book”

The New York Pub-lic Library Cre-ates a List of 125 Books That They Love

100 Nov-els All Kids Should Read Before Leav-ing High School

Josh Jones is a writer and musi-cian based in Durham, NC. Fol-low him at @jdmagness

Is It Rude to Talk Over a Film? MST3K’s Mary Jo Pehl on Pretty Much Pop: A Culture Podcast #45

We live in a com-men-tary cul-ture with much appre-ci-a-tion for camp and snark, but some-thing spe-cial hap-pened in the ear-ly ’90s when Mys-tery Sci-ence The-ater 3000 pop-u-lar-ized this addi-tive form of com-e-dy, where jokes are made dur-ing a full-length or short film. Mary Jo Pehl was a writer and per-former on MST3K and has since riffed with fel-low MST3K alums for Riff-trax and Cin-e-mat-ic Titan-ic.

Mark, Eri-ca, and Bri-an briefly debate the ethics of talk-ing over some-one else’s art and then inter-view Mary Jo about how riffs get writ-ten, devel-op-ing a riff-ing style and a char-ac-ter that the audi-ence can con-nect with (do you need to include skits to estab-lish a premise for why riff-ing is hap-pen-ing?), riff-ing films you love vs. old garbage, the degree to which riff-ing has gone beyond just MST3K-asso-ci-at-ed come-di-ans, VH-1’s Pop-Up Video, and more.

Fol-low Mary Jo @MaryJoPehl.

Here are a some links to get you watch-ing riff-ing:

Dif-fer-ent teams have dif-fer-ent styles of riff-ing, so if you hate MST3K, you might want to see if you just hate those guys or hate the art form as a whole. The alums them-selves cur-rent-ly work as:

Here are a few rel-e-vant arti-cles:

Also, PROJECT: RIFF is the website/database we talk about where a guy named Andrew fig-ured out how many riffs per minute are in each MST3K episode, which char-ac-ter made the joke, and oth-er stuff.

Learn more at prettymuchpop.com. This episode includes bonus dis-cus-sion that you can only hear by sup-port-ing the pod-cast at patreon.com/prettymuchpop. This pod-cast is part of the Par-tial-ly Exam-ined Life pod-cast net-work.

Pret-ty Much Pop: A Cul-ture Pod-cast is the first pod-cast curat-ed by Open Cul-ture. Browse all Pret-ty Much Pop posts or start with the first episode.

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